Anno Bib

Journal #1: Three Generations of Greek Americans: A Study in Ethnicity

Scourby, Alice. ” Three Generations of Greek Americans: A Study in Ethnicity.

International Migration Review 14.1 (Spring, 1980), pp. 43-52.

JSTOR. Indiana University of Pennsylvania Lib., Indiana PA. 13 Sept. 2009.

22 Sept. 2009 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2545060?origin=JSTOR-pdf>.

The article, Three Generations of Greek Americans: A Study in Ethnicity was written by Alice Scourby of Long Island University. The article discusses the topic of ethnic identity in three generations of Greek Americans.  The article was written for the international immigration review. Scourby discusses the various answers of specific survey questions pertaining to Greek-Americans and the differences in answers between first, second, and third Greek Americans. Some of the following quotes contain some statistics worth reading.

“The respondents were asked to identify themselves as either 1) Greek; 2) American; 3) Greek Orthodox; 4) Greek American. The second and third generations tended to identify as either Greek American or Greek Orthodox, but a trend was discerned for third generation to identify as American. The first generation indentified as Greek or Greek Orthodox. A further inquiry was made as to whether there was a difference between being Greek and being Greek Orthodox. Fifty-eight percent of the first generation, 55 percent of the second and 64 percent of the third generation feel there is a distinction. As for a merging of all Eastern Orthodox Churches: the first generation is opposed, the second generation is divided and the third generation is strongly opposed to a merger.” (49)

“A final question dealt with impressions held of Greek people. The responses were coded as follows: 1) Positive; 2) Negative and 3) Indifferent. No generation had negative attitudes, although a hint of indifference was discerned in the response of the third generation.”(49)

“The findings of this study show that both U.S. born and foreign born Greek Americans have retained a relatively strong attachment to their ethnic background. It also indicates that the attainment of higher occupational status among the second generation did not result, as might expected, in a denial of ethnic identity or an abandonment of the Greek community.” (49)

“Respondents were asked if they attend church: 1) Every Sunday; 2) Every other Sunday; 3) Several times a year. Thirty-eight percent of the first generation, 61 percent of the second and 65 percent of the third generation go to Church at least every other Sunday. The second generation is inclined to go to Church more often than the first generation. When education is kept constant, those in the first and second generations seem to attend Church less frequently.” (48)

“The respondents were asked to indicate their attitude toward the Church, coded as follows: 1) Strongly favorable to the Church; 2) Neutral and 3) Strongly against the Church. The three generations were strongly favorable to the Church or at least neutral. Of the first generation, 35.3 percent were strongly favorable, 51.6 percent were neutral and only 3.2 percent were strongly against the Church. In the second generation 78 percent were strongly favorable, 39.1 percent were neutral, while 3.1 percent were strongly against the Church. The third generation indicated 56.3 percent as strongly favorable, 39.1 percent were neutral, while 3.1 percent were strongly against the Church. Ten percent failed to respond. The second generation was significantly more favorably inclined toward the Church. Only three individuals in the sample were strongly against the Church: one from the first generation and two from the third generation.” (48-49).

“The first generation college graduates tended to be more critical of the Church than their second generation counterparts. They were opposed, however to the use of English in the Church, did not support American Orthodoxy, and chose friends of similar ethnic background. Sixty-one percent indicated their friends were Greek compared to 25.3 percent of the second generation and 14 of the third generation.” (49)

Scourby touches on a very important idea: “This new definition was articulated by social scientists who believed that ethnicity based upon nationality and language was gradually being replaced by religion in the lives of all Americans” (45).

Journal #2: The Greek Orthodox Church in the United States and Assimilation

Saloutos, Theodore. “The Greek Orthodox Church in the United States and Assimilation.”

The Center of Migration For Studies of New York Inc. Vol. 7, No.4 (Winter,1973):395-407.International Migration Review. JSTOR. Indiana University of Pennsylvania Lib., Indiana PA. 29 Sept. 2009. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3002553?&Search=yes&term=Orthodox&term=Greek&term=Assimilation&term=Church&term=States&term=United&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DThe%2BGreek%2BOrthodox%2BChurch%2Bin%2Bthe%2BUnited%2BStates%2Band%2BAssimilation%26x%3D0%26y%3D0%26wc%3Don&item=2&ttl=784&returnArticleService=showArticle>.

This author of the article is Theodore Saloutos. Saloutos discusses the many trials and tribulations of the early Greek Orthodox Church in America. He includes various Greek-Orthodox custom/traditions and how they were then practiced here in America.  Also, Saloutos talks about some various Greek Groups such as AHEPA and GAPA. Saloutos says “… as well as the Greek American Progressive Association [GAPA] who waged tireless campaigns on behalf of Greek language, Greek schools and the Greek faith;” (395). Mainly Saloutos goes in depth on the issue of preserving ethnic identity. (Also noting that Saloutos’s article was used as a reference for Scourby’s article.)

Journal #3: Ethnicity & Ethnic Groups: Research Needs

Kolm, Richard. “Ethnicity &Ethnic Groups: Research Needs.” The Center of Migration For Studies of

New York Inc. Vol 8, No. 1 (Spring, 1974): 59-67.International Migration Review. JSTOR. Indiana University of Pennsylvania Lib., Indiana PA. 29 Sept. 2009. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3002703>.

Richard Kolm, the author of the article discusses the various reasons and approaches for ethnic studies. In the beginning of the article he focuses on the whole idea of ethnic research and how broad of a topic is.  Also, Kolm discusses the areas in need of research, the implications and finally, the common ideas that could be suggested. Finally, Kolm suggest a definition of what ethnicity is as, “As defined by this writer, ethnicity becomes the basic element of all human relations & life.

Journal #4: When Exceptions Define The Rules: Greek Baptismal Names and the Negotiation of Identity

Herzfeldd, Micheal. “When Exceptions Define The Rules: Greek Baptismal Names and the

Negotiation of Identity.” Journal of Anthropological Research. Vol. 38, No.3 (Autumn, 1982) 288-302. University of Mexico. JSTOR. Indiana University of Pennsylvania Lib., Indiana PA. 29 Sept. 2009. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3629850>.

This article is important because it discusses/covers the idea of the identity one gets when they are baptized in the Greek Orthodox Church. It covers such things as possible reasons for naming a Greek child, the rules of naming a child, the affect it has on Greek-Americans, and also the idea to name siblings to show the relationship. These are just some tid-bits of information I want to include in my paper, because one of the topics I would like to discuss in my paper. This information will provide me with some background knowledge about stuff that I have not yet encountered.

Journal #5: Death and Grief in the Greek Culture

Mystakidou, Kyraki, Eleni Tsilika, Efi Parpa, Emmanuela Katsouda, and Lambros Vlahos.

“Death and Grief in the Greek Culture.”Omega: Journal of Death & Dying. 50.1 (2004/2005) : 23-34. Academic Search Complete. EBSCOhost. Indiana University of Pennsylvania Lib., Indiana PA. 13 Sept. 2009. <http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=5&hid=7&sid=410e24b7-0e93-49f4-b47c-d803dd769a07%40sessionmgr14&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=16009544>.

This article is important because it discusses the Greek customs and traditions of death and grief in modern day times. This is important because I plan on discussing the various traditions and customs practiced during death in Greek tradition.  The article covers many customs and traditions from families wearing all black during the grieving process or memorial services. One very important excerpt I found in the article was: “ By making death grand the funeral invests it with meaning, and beautifies the ugliness of death”(31). Able to make death grand via-the customs and traditions practiced.

Journal #6: Orthodox (Eastern Churches) in the United States at the Beginning of a New Millennium: Questions of Nature Identity and Mission

Krindatch, Alexei D. “Orthodox (Eastern Christian) Churches in United States at the Beginning of

a New Millenium: Questions of Nature, Identity and Mission.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. Vol.41, No.3 (Sept, 2002):533-563. JSTOR. Indiana University of Pennsylvania Lib., Indiana PA.  29 Sept. 2009 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1387462?&Search=yes&term=Orthodox&term=Greek&term=Assimilation&term=Church&term=States&term=United&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DThe%2BGreek%2BOrthodox%2BChurch%2Bin%2Bthe%2BUnited%2BStates%2Band%2BAssimilation%26x%3D0%26y%3D0%26wc%3Don&item=3&ttl=784&returnArticleService=showArticle>.

This article was important because it really talks not only about Greek Orthodox, but also Eastern Orthodoxy all together. This article was written by Alexei D. Krindatch. In the introduction Krindatch discusses the how the Orthodox Church often times gets left out of ethnic and theological studies.  I feel that he makes some valid points about the Greek Orthodox Church and how it compares to other Eastern Churches. Also he makes it a point on page 551 to talk about the preservation of ethnic culture and how it can be achieved.

Journal #7: Freedom and Power: The Debate Over the Position of Greek Women

Mills, Janine. “Freedom & Power: The Debate Over the Position of Greek Women.” Women Studies. 32(2003): 1-19. JSTOR. Indiana University of Pennsylvania Lib., Indiana PA.  29 Sept. 2009 <http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=107&sid=d42e4f2e-c5ae-4261-8120-834baf76c7b0%40sessionmgr110&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=9063688>.

I wanted to include this article in my research because it defines the role of a traditional Greek woman in both ancient and present day Greece. I felt that a lot of this information was pertinent because my thesis statement is: How does religion affect my ethnic identity as Greek American WOMAN. I need to be aware and familiar with the role in which women play in Greek society and culture. In the article, Janine Mills discusses interviews with Greek woman and their opinions of their role in their society and culture. A great example Mills provides is “ She claims that the majority of men in Kokkari do not allow their wives to work outside the family, as they would violate the “ideal” family of the housewife and the income-earning man” (11).

Journal #8: Religion in Greek Education in a Time of Globalization

Efstathiou, Ioannis, Fokion Georgiadis, and Apostolos Zisimos. “Religion in Greek

Education in a Time of Globalization.” Intercultural Education. 19.4 (Aug. 2008) : 325-336. Academic Search Complete. EBSCOhost. Indiana University of Pennsylvania Lib., Indiana PA.  13   Sept. 2009. <http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=7&sid=410e24b7-0e93-49f4-b47c-d803dd769a07%40sessionmgr14&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=34947837>.

The article by Ioannis Efstathio (of the Institute of Education, University of London, UK) writes “ In a great number of countries religion plays an important role in public life. As far as Greece is concerned, it has always been a key element in public life including education” (325). Basically, the article focuses on the importance that the church even has on education. I feel this is helpful information because I can use some statements like the one above to prove that religion is very influential in Greek society and culture!

Journal #9: Race and the Construction of Human Identity

Smedley, Audrey. “Race and the Construction of Human Identity.” American Athropologists.Vol.100, No.3 (Sept.,1998):690-702. JSTOR.

Indiana University of Pennsylvania Lib., Indiana PA. 29 Sept. 2009. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/682047?&Search=yes&term=Identity&term=Construction&term=Human&term=Race&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DRace%2Band%2Bthe%2BConstruction%2Bof%2BHuman%2BIdentity%26gw%3Djtx%26prq%3D%2528ti%253A%2528Freedom%2Band%2BPower%253A%2BThe%2BDebate%2BOver%2Bthe%2BPosition%2Bof%2BGreek%2BWomen%2529%2BOR%2Bau%253A%2528Janine%2BMills%2529%2529%26Search%3DSearch%26hp%3D25%26wc%3Don&item=1&ttl=26778&returnArticleService=showArticle>.

This article covers the topics of race, ethnicity, and culture. The abstract of the article written by Audrey Smedley says, “ This paper briefly explores how race became part of our culture and consciousness and argues that we disconnect cultural features of identity from biological traits and study how “race” eroded and superseded older forms of human identity. I feel that this information in the article will help me because I feel that even though my biological traits/features (dark hair, or tan skin) do not fit the typical Greek stereotype, it is the constant study and observation of my Greek friends, family, customs and traditions that make me Greek.

Journal #10: Contested Masculine Spaces in Greek Orthodoxy

Sotiriu, Eleni. “Contested Masculine Spaces in Greek Orthodoxy.” Social Compass 51.4

(Dec2004): 499-510.Academic Search Complete. EBSCOhost. Indiana University of Pennsylvania Lib., Indiana PA. 13 Sept. 2009. <http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=7&sid=7de49b67-05ea-4f05-be27-075e0ff1762a%40sessionmgr11&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=15568149>.

Eleni Sotiriu writes about the ideas and controversies of the role women play in modern day Greek Orthodoxy (499). She writes about how the church sometimes shapes/forms a lot of prejudices/biases in the roles of women in Greek society. Some examples of prejudices discussed in the paper are “ It examines women’s exclusion from the ministerial and sacramental orders of the Church. Women however are excluded not only from the altar—the focal point of ordinations, but another sacred space occupying a central place in the Greek religious landscape, Mount Athos. This article will help me connect on the ways religion affects my identity as a Greek-American WOMEN, like journal number 7.

Anno Bib Information

I found the best article that really defined and analyzed what an annotated bibliography was once again,  The OWL at Purdue, written by Geoff Stacks and Erin Karper . It first gives a summary of what an annotated bibliography is and then goes into what an anno bib should include. According to Stacks an anno bib should do the following:

• Summarize: Some annotations merely summarize the source. What are the main arguments? What is the point of this book or article? What topics are covered? If someone asked what this article/book is about, what would you say? The length of your annotations will determine how detailed your summary is.For more help, see our handout on paraphrasing sources.
• Assess: After summarizing a source, it may be helpful to evaluate it. Is it a useful source? How does it compare with other sources in your bibliography? Is the information reliable? Is this source biased or objective? What is the goal of this source?For more help, see our handouts on evaluating resources.
• Reflect: Once you’ve summarized and assessed a source, you need to ask how it fits into your research. Was this source helpful to you? How does it help you shape your argument? How can you use this source in your research project? Has it changed how you think about your topic?

Also  the article goes on to talk about the importance of writing an anno bib. Anno bibs are important to write because it helps you analyze your sources and learn more about your topic all at the same time. Really , they help you the writer become familiar with your sources and information about your topic which will helps in the long run when the writing process begins. The article also gives examples of what an anno bib should look like and the format as well. Stacks also talks about the annotations themselves and answers questions like how long they should be (at least a paragraph) to the focus.

Works Cited

Stacks, Geoff and Erin Karper. “Annotated Bibliographies.” The OWL at Purdue. 1 July 2009.

Purdue. 22 Sept. 2009 <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/01/>.